Summer and winter both bring on the possibility of weather-related problems in children. In the summer, your child can suffer from heat-related illnesses, while winter carries the risk of frostbite or hypothermia.
There are three types of heat-related illnesses—heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Heat cramps can occur if your child is playing or exercising vigorously in very high temperatures. They are caused by mild dehydration that has occurred through sweating. Although painful, they usually are not dangerous. Making sure your child drinks enough liquids and encouraging him to take frequent breaks in a cool spot can prevent them.
Heat exhaustion occurs when fluid loss caused by sweating is more severe. Signs of heat exhaustion include extreme thirst—a sign that dehydration is occurring, fatigue, feeling weak or dizzy, complaining of a headache, and even nausea or vomiting. Breathing may also become more rapid, and your child’s skin may feel clammy rather than hot.
If your child is showing signs of heat exhaustion, put them in a cool place and remove their clothing. Heat exhaustion can turn into heat stroke, which can be very dangerous, even fatal. Symptoms include hot, dry skin, and the absence of sweating, a severe headache, and other symptoms. Medical help should be sought immediately if heat stroke is suspected.
In winter, frostbite and hypothermia can occur. Frostbite is a sign that freezing has occurred in the skin. Skin becomes red, and then becomes hard, white and solid. This can be accompanied by tingling or numbness and confusion or lack of coordination. Frostbite should be treated carefully to avoid injury or loss of skin. Apply warm compresses (between 100°F and 105°F) or put the affected area in warm water. Do not rub the skin or “pop” any blisters that may form.
Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce. This causes the body temperature to drop to a dangerously low level. Hypothermia can be a serious medical condition and should be treated immediately.
